Neurofeedback: A Smarter Way to Train the Brain
Discover how you can train the brain for improved regulation, better sleep, and optimal performance throughout the lifespan.
Brain Training
What Is Neurofeedback?
Neurofeedback is an evidence-based, non-invasive, drug-free therapy that trains the brain and central nervous system (CNS) to function more efficiently. Much like physical exercise strengthens the body, neurofeedback acts as exercise for the brain, helping it learn to regulate itself more effectively.
The brain constantly produces electrical activity known as brain waves. When these patterns become dysregulated due to factors such as stress, trauma, environment, injury, or developmental influences, symptoms such as anxiety, poor concentration, sleep disruption, and mood instability can emerge.
Neurofeedback works by providing real-time feedback about brain activity, allowing the brain to recognize and adjust its own patterns. Through repeated feedback and practice, the brain can shift away from inefficient patterns and move toward healthier, more balanced functioning.
Because neurofeedback works with the brain’s natural neuroplasticity—the ability to learn and adapt—it can create lasting improvements without the long-term negative side effects often associated with medications (Rahman et al., 2023). Rather than simply managing symptoms, neurofeedback aims to address the underlying neurological patterns contributing to those symptoms.
History and Research
Neurofeedback research began in the 1950s and 1960s when scientists at UCLA and the University of Chicago explored brainwave training as a method for preventing seizures (Sterman et al., 1978). Their work demonstrated that individuals could learn to regulate specific brainwave patterns, significantly reducing seizure activity.
In the 1970s, this research expanded when NASA began studying neurofeedback as a way to help astronauts regulate stress responses and maintain cognitive performance in high-pressure environments. Neurofeedback training continues to be used in performance settings due to its measurable impact on nervous system regulation and mental resilience (Marzbani et al., 2016).
Today, neurofeedback is widely used in clinical, therapeutic, and performance settings to support both neurological health and cognitive optimization.
What Neurofeedback Can Help Treat
Research suggests neurofeedback may help reduce symptoms associated with a wide range of conditions, including:
Sleep disorders
Learning disabilities
Headaches and migraines
Trauma and PTSD
Anxiety
Concussions and traumatic brain injuries
Depression
Seizure disorders
Chronic stress
Neurodegenerative decline (Marzbani et al., 2016)
Neurofeedback is also commonly used by athletes, executives, and high-performing individuals to improve mental performance and resilience.
Many clients experience improvements in:
Processing speed
Reading speed
Focus and attention
Memory retention and recall
Cognitive efficiency
Mental resilience and emotional regulation (Marzbani et al., 2016)
What to Expect in a Session
A typical neurofeedback session lasts 20–40 minutes.
Small sensors are placed on the scalp and hands to measure electrical activity produced by the brain. These sensors do not send electricity into the brain; they simply monitor brainwave activity.
Clients then engage in relaxing activities such as watching a movie, playing a simple game, listening to music, or practicing guided meditation. The neurofeedback system translates brainwave activity into visual or auditory signals, allowing the brain to receive immediate feedback about its functioning.
Clients may also hold gentle vibrational biofeedback devices during sessions, which provide additional sensory input to support nervous system regulation.
As the brain receives this feedback, it begins to recognize healthier patterns and gradually learns to stabilize and regulate itself more efficiently. Over time, these improvements can become increasingly automatic.
How Many Sessions Are Recommended
Some clients notice improvements—particularly in sleep or relaxation—within the first 5–10 sessions.
A typical protocol involves approximately 20 sessions, though optimal results vary depending on the individual’s symptoms, goals, and level of nervous system dysregulation. Children often respond more quickly than adults because their brains tend to be more adaptable.
Types of Neurofeedback Offered
Three specialized neurofeedback protocols are offered:
Infra-Low Frequency Training
Targets deep regulation of the nervous system and brain stability.
Alpha–Theta Training
A trauma-focused protocol that allows the brain to process difficult experiences in a calm, deeply relaxed state. This method can help reduce defensive brain patterns and facilitate more peaceful resolution of traumatic memories.
Synchrony Training
Promotes coherent brain activity and deep states of calm, similar to advanced meditation or transcendental meditation states.
These methods are delivered using the Othmer Method through the Cygnet Software suite, a widely respected neurofeedback system.
Safety and Side Effects
Neurofeedback is a non-invasive therapy that works with the brain’s natural learning mechanisms rather than introducing chemicals into the body.
Research indicates it is generally safe and associated with minimal long-term side effects (Rahman et al., 2023).
When side effects occur, they are typically mild and temporary, resolving within 24–48 hours. Possible short-term effects may include:
Sleepiness
Temporary difficulty focusing
Mild headaches
Increased anxiety
Clients are encouraged to report any side effects promptly so protocols can be adjusted. Often, a brief adjustment or additional session can resolve lingering symptoms.
References
Marzbani, H., Marateb, H. R., & Mansourian, M. (2016). Neurofeedback: A comprehensive review on system design, methodology, and clinical applications. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 7(2), 143.
Rahmani, E., Rahmanian, M., Mansouri, K., Mokhayeri, Y., Jamalpour, Y., & Hassanvandi, S. (2023). Are there any possible side effects of neurofeedback? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 17(3).
Sterman, M. B., LoPresti, R. W., & Fairchild, M. D. (1978). Electroencephalographic and behavioral studies of monomethylhydrazine toxicity in the cat. Aerospace Medicine.
Disclaimer
The information provided here is for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This information is not intended to replace the relationship with your therapist(s) or physician(s). Please consult a licensed healthcare provider before initiating any conventional or integrative treatments.
Topics:Brain TrainingNeurofeedbackNon-Pharma Brain Healththerapisttherapy basics
